Privatization of East Germany Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Privatization of East Germany - Research Paper Example It was considered to be at the same economic level as a third world country (Farazmand 41). On the other side of the wall, the westerners enjoyed a lot of prosperity in their economy along with an economic boom. This was before the reunification of the two sides in the year 1991. The eastern part was under communism rule whereas the western part was under a democratic regime. The practices in the west led the east to lag behind in terms of their routines, achievements and demographics. It also led to their underproduction, lack of proper resource utilization, automation and prospects for growth in the future (John 32). After the reunification of the western and eastern states in the year 1991, the German state encountered a high level of unemployment along with an increase in taxes. The results of the communist policies on the East German population led to the fleeing of thousands of their people into the western part (John 54). This culminated in the building of the wall to stop the further entry of the easterners in the year 1961. The east German people lacked the ability to think autonomously and engage in the activities of risk-taking. These people also had fewer levels of sophistication as compared to their counterparts on the west of Germany. The immigration of the easterners to the west caused many problems in unemployment in their industries. However, the trend brought many advantages to the western manufacturing industries. This is because the labour costs decreased because of the increase in the available labourers (Philip 52). The manufacturing costs that the west incurred also reduced a nd this gave them an increased advantage in their competitiveness around the globe. By the time the communist regime fell in the eastern part of Germany, their authorities were experiencing several problems. The authorities in the east were unable to subsidize bankrupt manufacturing industries and their production had decreased.     

Ethical Integrity in a Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical Integrity in a Business - Research Paper Example St. Augustine, a medieval philosopher, based his concept of ethics on religious injunctions. He argued that persons should have compassion expressed in a Golden Rule: do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you (Hosmer, 1994). Modern philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke assailed that compassion is an ideal virtue in a world that is competing on resources and on political posts; people compete and take advantages (Hosmer, 1994). Thus, Locke and Hobbes proposed that people ought to moderate themselves from competition; maintain societal peace and to abide on laws (Hosmer, 1994). Bentham and Mill, proponents of utilitarianism, contend that business ethics is possible if people abide to fundamental rules and if those who are serving in the central government are bereft of self-interests (Hosmer, 1994). Both also proposed that there should be a measure on government laws and to evaluate the justice in all actions (Hosmer, 1994). Thus, an act is good if it’s helpful to the greatest number of persons benefitted. Kant, on the other hand, contended that there is universal rule and such must be free from decision-makers’ interests. Kant proposed that ethics must forbid any action one is unwilling to see from others if on similar situation, one would be encouraged to take (Hosmer, 1994). This is further elucidated by modern philosophers, Rousseau and Jefferson, who postulated that removing self-interest is impossible thus, civil rights are necessary to protect persons from arbitrary actions and to guarantee them freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the like (Hosmer, 1994). It also protects civilians’ properties and liberties, following due process. Moreover, Rawls argued that ethics is based on distributive justice. He advocated for equitable distribution of wealth and services, especially for the disadvantaged in the communities (Hosmer, 1994). Rawls posit that this is possible through social contract. Nozick’s argued that liberty is the bulwark of what is morally upright. Liberty allows freedom from constraints, from laws and market. Under the concept of Social Contract, Nozick argued that no one should be allowed to interfere with the rights of others for self-development and fulfillment (Hosmer, 1994). Larue (1987) perceived that ethical issues relating to business management are most discussed as a relevant matter in human resource management. Hosmer (1987) posited that ethical issues are foremost considered when workers experienced being harmed or at a loss especially when the company undertakes restructuring or closure. Such add to common transactional details on legal and financial matters where ethical imperatives are sought to resolve an ethical dilemma that would considerably be right, proper, and just (Hosmer, 1987). Thus, it’s wise to integrate management’s moral obligation and ethics in strategic planning as part of corporate responsibility (Hosmer, 1994). This is essential to create an environment of trust and commitment among company’s stakeholders to ensure business leverage in the market and its economy (Homer, 1994). He cited that managers whose general